Ontela PicDeck Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ontela PicDeck - Case Study Example The paper tells that PicDeck was a technology service that allows subscribers of wireless to effortlessly transfer their photos from their mobile to their computers, email inbox, and other networking devices and services. Media has appreciated the service a lot; an article in the Telephony magazine regarded the service as â€Å"helping bridge the gap between phone and PC.† The basic revenue model of the service was to provide a more convenient mobile imaging experience, which would increase the sales of high margin data services of Ontela’s wireless carrier who are the actual direct customers of the company. The author has rightly presented that Ontela was expecting that once customers started using their PicDeck service to transfer photos from their mobile devices to their computers, emails, etc. it would eventually increase the use of the wireless carrier services. Ontela’s direct customers are the wireless service providers who would market the service to its wireless subscribers. Ontela would receive a portion of the subscription fee that the subscribers pay to the wireless carriers. Now, Ontela needs to find a customer segment to position its service offering accordingly so that they can satisfy the value proposition of the Wireless Carriers who in turn can satisfy their end customers. The case identifies three basic customer segments through a qualitative review, the parent, the professional, and the teen.... get maximum information on available customer segments and once the suitable segments have been identified, they need to choose the segment that provides maximum opportunity for the company and the wireless carriers. They also need to balance the needs of the subscribers with those of the wireless carriers who want to decrease chum and increase Average Revenue per User (ARPU). It was really important for the company to find out the answer to these questions as Ontela’s direct customers are wireless carriers who are looking to increase their Average Revenue per User through the use of this service. The PicDeck service can only be successful if Ontela can find out the most profitable target segment and position their service accordingly. Analysis of the Case Ontela needs to find the most profitable target segment for its service PicDeck so that it can make a positioning statement accordingly and its direct customers, wireless carriers can reap profits from the service and in ret urn Ontela can also gain profits. The US mobile phone service industry is one of the largest sectors of the US economy. It comprises of various sub segment and its data service segments, which provides services such as internet data plans, text messaging, picture messaging and other multimedia transfer has developed at a very fast pace. It is expected that the data services segments would continue to increase, consequently, the revenue of voice segment would decline. Hence, as the data services segment evolves, wireless carriers would become increasingly dependent on the unique and high profit data services that can provide them with competitive advantage. As cellular phones became an extremely common device, it started coming out with different features and capabilities to provide the user with

Core Conditions Essay Example for Free

Core Conditions Essay During the 1950’s Carl Rogers developed three core conditions. These conditions continued to be developed by Rogers in the intervening years until his death in 1987. The aim of this essay will demonstrate an understanding of each condition and briefly discuss how they are applied in practice. The role of empathy will be reflected on and critically appraised. Carl Rogers developed three core conditions, Emapthy, Congruence (realness) and Unconditional Positive Regard. These conditions are at the core of person centred counselling.The effectiveness of these conditions are based upon the counsellors skill, knowledge and application in practice, it is not something that can be turned â€Å"on and off†, but a way of being . To avoid unconditional positive regard, the counsellor has to act in a certain way when working with clients, demonstrating certain feeling for all humanity and have an awareness to always work within the conditions even during circumstances where there maybe interpersonal difficulties . Empathy is a process, not just something a counsellor will do. It involves sensing and perceiving how the client is feeling. It involves appropriate use of touch such as a hand on the clients shoulder, tone and pitch of the voice and in some instances it can be demonstrated through crying at times when the client does but equally having an awareness of boundaries within the session, meaning, the client not feeling that they are â€Å"coununselling† you. To demonstrate empathy the counsellor must also be aware of their own journey. In relation to recording this skill maybe at times to demonstrate.   Congruence, the next core condition was reffered to by Roger’s as the most important element as he beleived â€Å"it is the realness of the therapist in the relationship which is the most important element† (Mearns. D Thorn. B, 2007, pg . 95). To be congruent, is to be natural and oneself. What works for M. a. (2000). Person-centred therapy today. London: Sage Publications. one therapist may not necessarily work for another. It is about being the same with all people, and not pretending to be something that they are not. The final core condition is unconditional positive regard. This maybe perceieved as the most difficult condition to grasp. It is not concerned with liking the client or agreeing with how they feel, but more about the attitude of the counsellor. The counsellor who has unconditioanl positive regard, is one who has respect for humanity and their client alike, regardless of what they have to say and the way they live their life. It is said in Mearns and Thorns, Person – Centred Counselling in Action, â€Å"the attitude manifests itself in the counsellors consistant acceptance of and enduring warmth towards her client†. It explains, that it maybe easier for a counsellor to get along with the hard working client, but can be challenging when working with the client who has a high level of self loathing and disgust for themselves. As a counselling skills user, reflecting on my practice I find applying the core condition of empathy can be quite challenging concept to grasp. This is due to the fact that it takes a counsellor to be extremely self aware to lay aside their own thoughts and feelings to tap into the emotions of their clients. Because empathy stems from an understanding of what the client is going through, it may be difficult in some situations for the counsellor to really be on the receiving frequency that the client is on. It may be a bit of a struggle for the counsellor to understand and really equate empathy, because it is a process, not a skill that can be learned. Works Cited Mearns.D and Thorn.B(2000). Person-centred therapy today. London: Sage Publications.

Tiger Woods: The Making Of A Champion :: essays research papers

Tiger Woods: The making of a Champion Matt Buyan C-period 1-1-97 TIGER WOODS THE MAKING OF A CHAMPION BY: JOHN GARRITY Eldrick Tiger Woods was born in Brooklyn, NY on December 30, 1975. His parents names are Earl and Kutildra. Earl is a  ¼ American Indian, a  ¼ Chinese and half Black. Kutildra is a  ¼ White, a  ¼ Chinese and half Thai. Both of Earl's parents were dead by the time he was 13. He named his son "Tiger" after his Vietnam War partner Nguyen Phong of the South Vietnamese army. He nicknamed him Tiger for his iron will and bravery. Around 1967 or 1968 they lost contact and never spoke to one another since. Earl hopes that 1 day Nguyen will see his son' s name either on TV or in a paper and contact him, so they can reunite. Tiger was first introduced to golf by his father who bought him a junior golf set as a kid. Tiger and his family now live in Cypress, California and he stands a tall 6'4 and weighs a lean 155. Now about his golfing days. Tiger won the 1991, 1992, and 1993 U.S Junior Amateur championships. When winning his third he brought out a record attendance of over 15,000 spectators. Woods was also the first African- American to win the U.S Juniors. He quotes " when I am up at the tee all I think about is where I want my ball to go". During this whole time Tiger attended Stanford college and maintained straight A's in his sophomore year. He had originally planed to graduate from Stanford before going pro, but when Nike offered him a 42 million dollar deal to wear their clothes for 5 years he couldn' t resist. This was not the only reason he decided to go pro. After an excellent finish in the British Open, Tiger felt that he also had enough mental strength to go pro. His parents are very supportive of him and felt fine with this. Wood' s first pro win was the Las Vegas invitational. At the Honors Course in Texas he brought out an enormous crowd. Of the 14,694 tickets sold, 14,000 were fans wanting to see their Tiger. If you were to ever meet Tiger Woods for yourself he would probably be the nicest person you will ever meet. He signs just about every autograph and is never mean to fans. Tiger and his father gave out free golf lessons to caddies and junior golfers. Many of you may no his nickname the "Come Back Kid", he got Tiger Woods: The Making Of A Champion :: essays research papers Tiger Woods: The making of a Champion Matt Buyan C-period 1-1-97 TIGER WOODS THE MAKING OF A CHAMPION BY: JOHN GARRITY Eldrick Tiger Woods was born in Brooklyn, NY on December 30, 1975. His parents names are Earl and Kutildra. Earl is a  ¼ American Indian, a  ¼ Chinese and half Black. Kutildra is a  ¼ White, a  ¼ Chinese and half Thai. Both of Earl's parents were dead by the time he was 13. He named his son "Tiger" after his Vietnam War partner Nguyen Phong of the South Vietnamese army. He nicknamed him Tiger for his iron will and bravery. Around 1967 or 1968 they lost contact and never spoke to one another since. Earl hopes that 1 day Nguyen will see his son' s name either on TV or in a paper and contact him, so they can reunite. Tiger was first introduced to golf by his father who bought him a junior golf set as a kid. Tiger and his family now live in Cypress, California and he stands a tall 6'4 and weighs a lean 155. Now about his golfing days. Tiger won the 1991, 1992, and 1993 U.S Junior Amateur championships. When winning his third he brought out a record attendance of over 15,000 spectators. Woods was also the first African- American to win the U.S Juniors. He quotes " when I am up at the tee all I think about is where I want my ball to go". During this whole time Tiger attended Stanford college and maintained straight A's in his sophomore year. He had originally planed to graduate from Stanford before going pro, but when Nike offered him a 42 million dollar deal to wear their clothes for 5 years he couldn' t resist. This was not the only reason he decided to go pro. After an excellent finish in the British Open, Tiger felt that he also had enough mental strength to go pro. His parents are very supportive of him and felt fine with this. Wood' s first pro win was the Las Vegas invitational. At the Honors Course in Texas he brought out an enormous crowd. Of the 14,694 tickets sold, 14,000 were fans wanting to see their Tiger. If you were to ever meet Tiger Woods for yourself he would probably be the nicest person you will ever meet. He signs just about every autograph and is never mean to fans. Tiger and his father gave out free golf lessons to caddies and junior golfers. Many of you may no his nickname the "Come Back Kid", he got

Film as a Subject of Study Essay

The tremendous expense involved in producing motion pictures reminds us that film is both an Industry, and an Art. Each film is the child of a turbulent marriage between businessmen and artists. Yet despite an ongoing battle between aesthetic and commercial considerations, film is now recognized as a unique and powerful art form on a par with Painting, Sculpture, Music, Literature, and Drama. As a form of human expression, the moving picture is similar to other artistic media, for the basic properties of other media are woven into its own rich fabric. Film employs the compositional elements of the visual arts: line, form, mass, volume and texture. Like painting and photography, film exploits the subtle interplay of light and shadow. Like sculpture, film manipulates three-dimensional space. But, like pantomime, film focuses on moving images, and as in dance, the moving images in film have rhythm. The complex rhythms of film resemble those of music and poetry; and like poetry in particular, film communicates through imagery, metaphor, and symbol. Like drama, film communicates visually and verbally : visually, through action and gesture; verbally, through dialogue. Finally, like the novel, film expands or compresses time and space, traveling back and forth freely within their wide border. Despite these similarities, film is unique. 1. It is set apart from all other media by its quality of free and constant motion. The continuous interplay of sight, sound, and motion allows film to transcend the static limitations of painting and sculpture – in the complexity of its sensual appeal as well as in its ability to communicate simultaneously on several levels. Film even surpasses drama in its unique capacity for revealing various points of view, portraying action, manipulating time, and conveying a boundless sense of space. 2. Unlike the stage play, film can provide a continuous, unbroken flow, which blurs and minimizes transitions without compromising the story’s unity. Unlike the novel and the poem, film communicates directly, not through abstract symbols like words on a page but through concrete images and sounds. What’s more, film can treat an almost infinite array of subjects. 3. There is almost nothing that the eye might behold or the ear hear, in actuality or imagination, which can’t be represented in the medium of film. From the North and South poles to the Equator, from the Himalayas as a vast mountain range to the minutest flaw in a piece of steel, from the whistling flight of a bullet to the slow growth of a flower, from the flicker of though across an almost impassive face to the frenzied ravings of a madman, there is no point in space no degree of magnitude or speed of movement within the apprehension of man which is not within reach of the film. To simplify what I’m getting at, recall the many faces of Gabbar Singh in the film Sholay, and you recall the power of film. 4. The Elasticity of Time in a Film Film is unlimited not only in its choice of subject but also in its approach to that material. A film can look to the remote past or probe the distant future; it can make a few seconds seem like hours or compress a whole century into minutes. Film can run the gamut of feeling from the most fragile, tender, and beautiful to the most brutal, violent, and repulsive. 5. Of even greater importance than film’s unlimited range in subject matter, however, is the overwhelming Sense of Reality it can convey. The continuous stream of sight, sound, and motion creates a here-and-now excitement that immerses the viewer in the cinematic experience. Thus, through film, fantasy assumes the shape and emotional impact of Reality. The technological history of film can in fact be viewed as an ongoing evolution toward greater realism, toward erasing the border between art and nature, between fiction and reality. In sum, Film is a uniquely powerful combination of the Seven Arts. II A. In the two pages above, a way of looking at films has been offered which says that films are more than just an entertaining way to pass the time. There is an art, and a science to them, which usually goes unnoticed. When you begin to notice these two dimensions, your understanding of cinema will be much smarter and sharper. To take an example, please go back to pt. 2 above, and especially the observation that film does not communicate ‘through abstract symbols’. How then does it communicate? The answer : through concrete, flesh and blood symbols. With the help of camera angles and special lighting, almost everything becomes symbolic on film. The protagonists’ hair style, dimpled cheeks, the clothes they wear, the voice in which they speak, the way they walk, the way they smoke, the solitary glass on a table, the chair, the curtain – anything and everything can be loaded with extra meaning in a film shot, and through the device of repetition be made symbolic. For instance if you see the empty glass on the same table in more than one scene, it becomes symbolic. B. Let us now go to pt. 5 which stresses the power of the camera in creating a ‘sense of reality’. This is the cinematic experience, in a nutshell. You may be watching computer-created beings as in the Hollywood film Avatar, but they succeed in feeling and sounding like humans. The same perhaps can be said about the Tiger in the film The Life of Pi. This ability to convey the sense of reality endows the filmmaker with tremendous power – which can be used to great public benefit, or it can be abused. Try and think of examples of both use and abuse†¦

Comparison between Japan and the Great Britain

Its quick to notice that both Japan and the great Britain are islands nations located on different parts of the world and bearing to this fact,both of them were greatly influenced in similar ways in their historical development attributed by their geographic feature. Because of their water surrounding nature ,both of them were isolated for a period of years by other nations. Due to their natural harbors both of them practiced imperialism around the globe. Japan never faced imperialism by the Great Britain and this ids because of its island nature. Both Japan and the Great Britain are member of the united nations and the G8.Both Japan and the Great Britain have a bicameral parliament . This is a system of parliament consisting of two chambers or two houses. Before the second world war ,both Japan and the Great Britain shared a particular bicameralism known as aristocratic . This includes hereditary peers who are chosen by the emperor or Her Majesty i the queen for Britain Japanese hou se of peers was abolished after world war two and replaced with its current house of councilors. Japan runs a system of government that is representative democracy. Japans bicameral system is neither connected with federalism it exist in unitary states.This implies that their upper house prevalence is for scrutiny to the lower house.. In Great Britain their bicameralism entails democratic and aristocratic elements. This includes the hereditary peers making up house of lords and house of commons which is entirely elected (Dwight 89). Both of them have prime minister Japan has an emperor who is a ceremonial leader and the head of cabinet,wile Great Britain has Her majesty the queen . The emperor has the authority to appoint the prime minister who serves as the head of government. Parliament majority who are compulsory diet members choses the prime minister .The sovereignty of japan is fully vested upon its citizens (Bradley 108). The Great Britain is s union of 4 countries England,Nor thern Ireland, Scotland and Wales majesty queen Elizabeth is the head of state in th parliamentary democracy government . Her monarch also serves as head of state to other 15 other commonwealth parliamentary government is based ion strong democratic traditions. prime minister is the head of government which is selected on the basis of current head of political party that gets full back up by the majority in the house of commons.The prime minister and the cabinet are official appointees by Her Majesty the queen but its the prerogative of the prime minister to select the cabinet which is actually derived from his /her party. The Great Britain parliament comprises of two houses namely house of commons and House of lords House of lords comprises of lords spiritual who are senior bishops of the church of England and lords temporal who are members of the peerage members of the peerage are never elected by citizens but obtain their appointment through former or present government.. House o f commons are elected while house of lords are hereditary and life peers.Japan has a set up of 2 political organizations which are the government which is made up of coalition of 2 major parties and the opposition which comprises of other minor parties. Their system is also characterized by the presence of chief cabinet secretary. The Great Britain government has the ability to change or stop written or unwritten element of the constitution because power is vested in them to do it. (Hamilton ,119) The Japan parliament is equally made up of two sides namely house of councilors and house of representatives. Electoral systems Japan.It has a political system with 3 types of elections First is the general elections to the house of representative that is run after every 4 years. The second one is to the house of councilors that is run after every 3 years to select one half of its members and local elections that is also run after every 4 years this is particularly for the villages and cit ies. Britain. There are five distinct types of elections namely general election,national or regional and assemblies election,elections to European parliament local and mayoral elections are six different methods in place for elections.(Michael, 211) Voting The minimum age for voting in Japan is 20 years and one must certify 3 month residency requirements office seekers minimum age is 25 years to the house of representatives and 35 years to the house of councilors. In the Great Britain the minimum age is 18 years and any person aged above 21 years and above who is a British citizen of another commonwealth country including Irish republic is allowed to vie for an election in Parliament.Elections are held after dissolution of parliament after every 5 years but the decision on when to hold the elections is determined by the prime minister (Michael ,189) Its a general fact that can be established that in a country the electoral system has a major impact on development of any political s cenario Great Britain the system vests itself upon an individual candidate to garner majority vote hence making him /her a member of parliament in the house of commons. CultureContrary to the Great Britain,Japans political parties since their i9th century,they have evolved drastically hence making them to go through a series of splitting of factions,regrouping and renaming . This has actually drawn adverse effects to the general public whose perception has been of mixed reactions. Amidst all these its still worth noting that laws in Japan actually stops or inhibits candidates from making written propaganda during electoral periods. Internet campaigns are also not allowed.Left with almost no option,politicians are left with no option they resort to shouting in loudspeakers in little vans driving into their constituencies This actually deprives them of the freedom to express themselves freely. Judicial system In Japan the chief justice is appointed by the monarch and all other justice s are appointed by the cabinet . whereas in the Great Britain hey actually don't have a unified judicial system,its divided as in England and Wales have one system,Scotland another and Northern Ireland a third one.They have the court of appeal,high court,crown court ,magistrate court and county court that are all administered by a body called her majesty court services with the house of lords being the highest appeal court in most cases but particularly in England and wales. The Great Britain is divided into 646 constituencies where only one member of parliament is elected. Japans military is governed by the ministry of defense the Britain Her Majesty is the head of the armed forced controlled by the Ministry of Defense which reports directly to defense council with the chief of defense staff being the head (Dwight 76).Political culture In Japan sovereign depends on prime ministers advice and in Japan ii entirely depends on its citizens. There is no written constitution in Britain r equired extraordinary to make judgment to certain issues. In Japan Public hearings are not given much weight contrary to the Great Britain. The expiry period of a bill in Japan is a shorter this is due to the fact that once they are not brought forward for voting during session they are rendered expired by the end of a session.But its worth noting that a bill passed by one house but not the other still qualifies to become law. Conclusion. From the above research its evident that democracy prevails more in Great Britain. than in Japan . Actually, England democratic standards has set a pace in the world democracy today. Taking a deeper look on the Great Britain parliament and the Japanese parliament,it further reveals that there is a wide gap between Japans parliamentary committee and plenary session (William 54). This in turn has greatly contributed to the imbalance.Comparison of the two worlds most industrialized countries shows that in the early seventies, Japans house of represent atives met in plenary session about fifty times only per year which is averagely about 82 hours while the house of councilors met about 30 times per year translating to about 60 hours. During the same time in the Great Britain, the house of commons met for over 167 times in a year translating to above 1500 hours while the house of lords met over 110 times a year giving a total of above 700 hours (Michael 21) .From the above one can actually derive that full house sessions are not given much priority in Japans legislative ideal. Japan democracy has been deprived of one most important aspect which is communication. Politicians are not allowed to put their campaigns on the Internet and no wide intensely conducted campaigns unlike in the Great Britain where a politician can actually walk from door to door campaigning and much emphasis is placed on posters,Internet and communication system at large.Works cited. Hamilton, James. Britain legal system:legislature and politics. New York: Dig ireads Constitutional history, 2000. Dwight, Merry D. Japanese legal system:politics and people. London: Cavendish Publishing, 2002. William, Roger and Timpson Michael . political culture in Britain. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001. Bradley Richardson. political culture in Japan. California. University of California press,2001.

Criminal Justice Example

Criminal Justice Example Criminal Justice – Coursework Example Due Process Due process is a common term in the field of law and describes the concept of farness regarding all legal affairs. It stands for the rights of individuals and the manner in which they ought to receive treatment from the state. All the procedures and court practice ought to receive critical attention so that eventually the treatment of the particular individual is impartial. Through due process, the constitution and the state receive respect from the citizens. The American legal system is one that has received a lot of criticism from both the local people and even internationally (Roach, 2012). The reason for the criticism is the fact that many cases remain pending in courts while others receive conclusions without critical review of present evidence. It is because of this that the American system requires the due process to receive attention critically. The American legal system also requires the due process to evaluate the validity of the case in hand.Without due process , many cases in the contemporary environment would go without appropriate judgment (Orth, 2013). Many guilty people would not receive the judgment that they deserve and consequently the environment would have more sociopaths roaming. It is also critical to note that without due process, the justice system would lack in fairness and this would lead to many innocent parties getting time in jail. Moreover, the perpetrators of the system would continue with their behavior knowing that the government is unresponsive. I would not want to live in a society that does not follow the due process rights. The reason for this is that such a society has people that do not appreciate the system and consequently carry on their activities without worry of the system. Such an environment is very unsafe for the occupants and I would have a guilty conscience living in such a place. Moreover, I would live in fear because I could get implication for a crime. ReferenceOrth, J. (2013). Due Process. London: Oxford University Press.Roach, K. (2012). Due Process and Rights. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Criminal Justice Example Criminal Justice – Coursework Example Methods of Inquiry in Criminal Justice Affiliation Methods of Inquiry in Criminal Justice Inquiry plays a crucial role in criminal justice. Inquiry not only helps us to reconstruct the past but also helps us to create new knowledge that may come in handy in solving contemporary problems. It is essential for criminal justice practitioners to sharpen their inquiry skills so as to enable them propagate a fair process of criminal investigation. This essay will examine critical methods of investigation as well as how they applied in a criminal investigation. In addition, the article will also delve into the scientific method of investigation and its application to a criminal investigation. There are several methods of investigation that include; surveys, content analysis, field research and deductive reasoning. Firstly, content analysis refers to reviewing and analyzing text composed by someone and then applying their recommendations to solve a crime (Maxfield and Babbie, 2014). Secondly, survey involves having interviews with respondents one on one or via questionnaires online and then using the data to solve a crime. Thirdly, in field research, a criminal investigator observes the behavior of subjects and then proceeds to draw conclusions from the observations made. Finally, in deductive reasoning, theory is applied on a problem to explain its existence and provide a method to deal with it (Vito, Kunselman and Tewksbury, 2008, p. 8). The scientific method is an essential method used by criminal investigators as it allows minimum room for error. It is a systematic approach that involves the identification of a problem, carrying out observations, forming hypotheses, testing hypotheses and finally evaluating the theories to come up with knowledge. Criminal justice practitioners will have to identify a problem and then reduce it to a researchable level. From that point forward, the specialist will have to design a method to find evidence to support his hypothesis. Aft er evidence has been collected and analyzed, conclusions can now be drawn as to the best method to use in solving the problem that had been identified. It is clearly evident from this essay that inquiry is essential to criminal investigators in solving crimes satisfactorily. The key methods of examination include but are not limited to survey, content analysis, field research, and deductive reasoning. Of all the approaches to research, the scientific process is the most important as it provides a small margin of error. The scientific method incorporates problem identification, hypothesis formation, hypothesis testing as well as theory evaluation in crime solution. As such, the scientific method is at the forefront of crime solution by crime investigators.References Ferdico, J. N., Fradella, H. F., & Totten, C. D. (2013).  Criminal procedure for the criminal justice professional. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Joyce, P. (2006).  Criminal justice: An introduction to crim e and the criminal justice system. Cullompton [u.a.: Willan. Maxfield, M., & Babbie, E. (2014).  Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. Cengage Learning. Vito, G., Kunselman, J., & Tewksbury, R. (2008).  Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods: An Applied Approach. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD.

The Impost and the Abacus in Architecture

The Impost and the Abacus in Architecture An impost is that part of an arch from which the arc swings upward. If a capital is the top part of a column, an impost is the bottom part of an arch. An impost is NOT a capital but is often on top of a capital that has no entablature. An impost needs an arch. An abacus is a projecting block atop a columns capital that does not hold up an arch. The next time youre in Washington, D.C., look up at the columns of the Lincoln Memorial to see an abacus or two. The Impost Block Builders of what is now known as Byzantine architecture created decorative stone blocks to transition between columns and arches. Columns were smaller than the thick arches, so impost blocks were tapered, the small end fitting on the column capital and the larger end fitting onto the arch. Other names for impost blocks include dosseret, pulvino, supercapital, chaptrel, and sometimes abacus. The Look of Imposts The architectural term impost may date back to Medieval times. The interior of the Byzantine-era Basilica of SantApollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy is often cited to illustrate the use of imposts. Built in the early 6th century (c. 500 AD) by the Ostrogoth King Theodoric the Great, this UNESCO Heritage site is a fine example of both mosaics and arches in Early Christian architecture. Note the impost blocks above the capitals of the columns. The arches spring upward from those blocks, which are traditionally highly decorated. Todays American homes reminiscent of Mediterranean or Spanish architecture will exhibit architectural features of the past. As was typical of imposts hundreds of years ago, the imposts often are painted a decorative color that contrasts with the color of the house itself. Taken together, these images show the transition of the column (3) to the arch (1) by way of the impost (2). Origin of the Word Impost has several meanings, many of which may be more familiar than the architectural definition. In horse racing, impost is the weight assigned to a horse in a handicap race. In the world of taxation, an impost is a duty imposed on imported goods   -    the word is even in the U.S. Constitution as a power given to Congress (see Article I, Section 8). In all of these senses, the word comes from a Latin word  impositus meaning to impose a burden onto something. In architecture, the burden is on a part of the arch that holds it up, denying gravitys attempt to bring the weight of the arch to earth. Additional Definitions of Impost The springing point or block of an arch. - G. E. Kidder Smith A masonry unit or course, often distinctively profiled, which receives and distributes the thrust of each end of an arch. - Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, The Impost and Arch in Architectural History Nobody knows where arches began. They arent really needed, because the Primitive Hut post and lintel construction works just fine. But theres something beautiful about an arch. Perhaps its mans imitation of creating a horizon, creating a sun and a moon. Professor Talbot Hamlin, FAIA, writes that brick arches date back to 4th millennium BC (4000 to 3000 BC) in the region known today as the Middle East. The ancient land called Mesopotamia was partially enveloped by the Eastern Roman Empire during the long period we sometimes call the Byzantine civilization of the Middle Ages. It was a time when traditional building techniques and designs already developed in the Middle East combined with the Classical (Greek and Roman) ideas of the West. Byzantine architects experimented with creating higher and higher domes using pendentives, and they also invented impost blocks to build arches grand enough for the great cathedrals of Early Christian architecture. Ravenna, south of Venice on the Adriatic Sea, was the center of Byzantine architecture in 6th century Italy.   Later still, it came gradually to replace the capital, and instead of being square at the bottom was made circular, so that the new capital had a continuously changing surface, from the circular bottom on top of the shaft up to a square of much larger size above, which supported the arches directly. This shape could then be carved with surface ornament of leaves or interlacing of any desired intricacy; and, to give this carving greater brilliance, often the stone beneath the surface was deeply cut away, so that sometimes the entire outside face of the capital was quite separate from the solid block behind, and the result had a sparkle and a vividness which was extraordinary. - Talbot Hamlin In our own homes today we continue the tradition begun thousands of years ago. We often decorate the impost area of an arch if and when it protrudes or is pronounced. The impost and impost block, like many architectural details found on todays homes, are less functional and more ornamental, reminding homeowners of past architectural beauty. Sources G. E. Kidder Smith, Source Book of American Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 645Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw-Hill, 1975, p. 261Talbot Hamlin, Architecture through the Ages, Putnam, Revised 1953, pp. 13-14, 230-231Photo of Lincoln Memorial by Hisham Ibrahim/Getty Images (cropped); Photo of Spanish-style home by David Kozlowski/Moment Mobile Collection/Getty Images (cropped); Photo of colonnade and arches inside the Basilica of SantApollinare Nuovo by CM Dixon Print Collector/Getty Images (cropped); Illustration of an impost by Pearson Scott Foresman [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Calcium Facts - Ca or Atomic Number 20

Calcium Facts - Ca or Atomic Number 20 Calcium is silver to gray solid metal that develops a pale yellow tint. It is element atomic number 20 on the periodic table with the symbol Ca. Unlike most transition metals, calcium and its compounds exhibit a low toxicity. The element is essential for human nutrition. Take a look at calcium periodic table facts and learn about the elements history, uses, properties, and sources. Calcium Basic Facts Symbol: CaAtomic Number: 20Atomic Weight: 40.078Classification: Alkaline EarthCAS Number: 7440-701-2 Calcium Periodic Table Location Group: 2Period: 4Block: s Calcium Electron Configuration Short Form: [Ar]4s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2Shell Structure: 2 8 8 2 Calcium Discovery Discovery Date: 1808Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy [England]Name: Calcium derives its name from the Latin calcis which was the word for lime (calcium oxide, CaO) and limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3)History: The Romans prepared lime in the first century, but the metal was not discovered until 1808. Swedish chemist Berzelius and Swedish court physician Pontin created an amalgam of calcium and mercury by electrolyzing lime and mercury oxide. Davy managed to isolate pure calcium metal from their amalgam. Calcium Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): SolidAppearance: fairly hard, silvery white metalDensity: 1.55 g/ccSpecific Gravity: 1.55 (20  °C)Melting Point: 1115 KBoiling Point: 1757 KCritical Point: 2880 KHeat of Fusion: 8.54 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 154.7 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 25.929 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.647 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Calcium Atomic Data Oxidation States: 2 (most common), 1Electronegativity: 1.00Electron Affinity: 2.368 kJ/molAtomic Radius: 197 pmAtomic Volume: 29.9 cc/molIonic Radius: 99 (2e)Covalent Radius: 174 pmVan der Waals Radius: 231 pmFirst Ionization Energy: 589.830 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1145.446 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 4912.364 kJ/mol Calcium Nuclear Data Number of Naturally Occurring Isotopes: 6Isotopes and % Abundance: 40Ca (96.941), 42Ca (0.647), 43Ca (0.135), 44Ca (2.086), 46Ca (0.004) and 48Ca (0.187) Calcium Crystal Data Lattice Structure: Face-Centered CubicLattice Constant: 5.580 Ã…Debye Temperature: 230.00 K Calcium Uses Calcium is essential for human nutrition. Animals skeletons get their rigidity primarily from calcium phosphate. The eggs of birds and shells of mollusks are comprised of calcium carbonate. Calcium is also necessary for plant growth. Calcium is used as a reducing agent when preparing metals from their halogen and oxygen compounds; as a reagent in purification of inert gases; to fix atmospheric nitrogen; as a scavenger and decarbonizer in metallurgy; and for making alloys. Calcium compounds are used in making lime, bricks, cement, glass, paint, paper, sugar, glazes, as well as for many other uses. Miscellaneous Calcium Facts Calcium is the 5th most abundant element in the Earths crust, making up 3.22% of the earth, air, and oceans.Calcium is not found free in nature, but calcium compounds are common. Some of the most common compounds found on Earth are limestone (calcium carbonate - CaCO3), gypsum (calcium sulfate - CaSO4 ·2H2O), fluorite (calcium fluoride - CaF2) and apatite (calcium fluorophosphate - CaFO3P or calcium chlorophosphate - CaClO3P)The top three countries that produce calcium are China, United States and India.Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones. However, too much calcium can lead to kidney stones or artery calcification.Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body. Approximately one third of the mass of the human body is calcium after all water is removed.Calcium burns with a dark red color in a flame test.Calcium is used in fireworks to deepen the color. Calcium salts are used to produce orange in fireworks.Calcium metal is soft enough to cut with a knife, a lthough somewhat harder than the metal lead. People and other animals can often taste the calcium ion. People report is as contributing a mineral, sour, or salty flavor.Calcium metal reacts exothermically with water or acid. Skin contact with calcium metal can cause irritation, corrosion, and chemical burns. Ingesting or inhaling calcium metal can be fatal due to the burns it can produce. Sources Hluchan, Stephen E.; Pomerantz, Kenneth (2006)  Calcium and Calcium Alloys. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.  Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_515.pub2Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.

Situation problem and solution and evaluation Essay

Situation problem and solution and evaluation - Essay Example Burning of fossil fuels results in green house gas emission (Adger, 2005, p.23). It pollutes the atmosphere. On the other hand, deforestation results in lesser rain. Limited reserve of rain water is increasing the temperature of earth’s surface. Global warming can negatively impact on the survival of earth’s life. Just a difference of few degrees in the earth’s average temperature can result major climate change (Arnold, 2011, p.121). Whole world is experiencing this climate change since 19th century. Global warming has become one of the most important global phenomenons. Greenhouse Gas emission is the major consequence of global climate change or global warming. All countries are co-operating with each other and collaboratively trying to minimize the impact of global warming on the society. Increasing green house gas emission due to unethical business practices of several organizations is posing real threat for future generation. It is assumed that if the greenh ouse gas emission increases at continuous rate, then several animal species can get wiped out from earth within next 100 years (Jamieson, 1992, pp.139-153). It is important to control the greenhouse gas emission in order to control the effect of global warming. Problem Both greenhouse gas emission and global worming have critical intergenerational effects. Carbon dioxide is considered as the most deadly and prominent greenhouse gas. The temporal diffusion of climate change can develop various collective ethical problems. Environmental damage and global climate change become most critical global threats (Maslin, 2007, p.43). Heating up of earth’s surface due to carbon dioxide and methane gas emission is prominently affecting modern civilization. Several unethical human activities are responsible for this rapid global climate change. People are trying to implement the potential opportunities that are developed due through globalization and modern technology (Postel and Richter, 2003, pp.34-35). Number of consumption of vehicles rapidly increased over last few decades. Every single individual are trying to satisfy their comfort level by application of advanced technological instruments. Refrigerators and washing machines are important daily-life consumer durable goods. Global warming is the consequence of increasing Ozone layer in atmosphere (Rijseberman, 2006, p.12). Deadly CFC released into the atmosphere by the havoc usage of refrigerators and washing machines. Moreover, consumption of fossil fuels largely increased over past few decades. Burning of fossil fuels increases the emission of methane and carbon dioxide. The number of serious human diseases, such as cancer, TB, mental disorder and respiratory problem are increasing due to atmospheric pollution and increasing GHG emission (Vanderheiden, 2008, p.34). Deforestation is highly responsible for loss of rainfall. Water is the source of life. People are cutting down rain forest in order to develop ind ustries and complexes. Day-by-day, several species of birds are wiping out from earth due to deforestation. It is affecting ecological balance as each and every animal has effective contribution in effective ecological balance. Solution It is clear from the above discussion that government of all the countries, leading global organizations and present human generation has the responsibility to control and reduce the effect of global warming. Following

BTN3-3 homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BTN3-3 homework - Coursework Example As years progress, the value of the equipment will decline till the accumulated depreciation is equivalent to the cost of purchase if the asset does not have a salvage value. This being the accredited way of recording depreciation expenses and accumulated depreciation, I hereby support the method used by Boland. Smith’s method has its strength, but the weaknesses are severe. It can be noted from the statement that the depreciation was the first one because the accumulated depreciation was equals to depreciation expense. For the first year, the method proposed by Smith is logical since it is easy to credit the amount directly in the balance sheet with regards to the asset depreciating. The weakness arises when the equipment has depreciated for several years, it will be difficult to have a plot on the accumulated depreciation, and thus, the value of the equipment will be overvalued or undervalued. The situation Boland is facing an ethical one, because the method Smith is suggesting and what she is used to are both applicable to the situation. As an accountant, there are guidelines such as General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) that spells out how such transactions should be recorded. Therefore, if Boland violates those principles, the financial reporting of the firm’s status will not be accurate. It is unethical to violate those

Film Analysis on Product Development (of the film Kinky Boots) Essay

Film Analysis on Product Development (of the film Kinky Boots) - Essay Example Showing him wearing rubber shoes on his way to London signifies his lack of enthusiasm for the shoe production business. His relocation, together with his fiancà ©e, was to his liking as he wants to get away from his family’s business as soon as possible. But the unexpected death of his father forces him to move back to Northamptom and lay off his workers when he figured out there is no way for him to save the company. There was just not enough market for the shoes they are producing. The four generations that proudly carried on the tradition of Price & Sons over the years was on it last days when he entered the picture. Even his father was already set on selling the factory before his death. On an accidental meeting with drag queen Lola, Charlie was hit with an inspiration to create as he described it, â€Å"proper, good, decent, built-to-last boots† (Joel). As it was that men of their persuasion are forced to buy women’s shoes that are not sturdy enough to withstand the weight of a full size man. Drag queens have very specific needs and wants that women’s shoes do not have. The heels break and their feet would hurt as their weight is carried on their feet that are not supported with proper footwear. The brilliant idea of changing the product of Price & Sons hit Charlie and propelled him to do something to save his family’s company. â€Å"You exploit divergence to create a new category, and the expansion of that new category allows your brand to flourish† (Ries and Ries). This revolutionary marketing idea is one that was apparent in the movie ‘Kinky Boots.’ They were more than the first to take advantage of the marketing niche. They were able to create a new category that was distinguishably new in the shoe making industry. There was no other shoe company that specializes in selling shoes that are made for drag queens who prefer women’s design but are also be fabricated accordingly. With the concept, Charlie

Public law (check assingment criteria for details of question) Essay

Public law (check assingment criteria for details of question) - Essay Example the limits of protecting the interests of public at large on the one hand the individual liberties of a certain number of persons who are seen as threats to those interests? Since antiquity, law has been applied to the state itself, as symbolized by the King. The public good is supposed to be the best law. Laws apply to state in order to restrain it. This form of government is called Constitutional government. In an ideal constitutional government, laws are made by the legislature elected by the people, the administration is looked after by the government (the King in historic times) and the judiciary applies law to determine the issues between parties. Laws are public instruments - they are written in statute books. They are made so as to regulate the powers exercised by the state over individuals. However, there are inevitably areas of law in which the public good is considered to be more important than the individual liberty. Such may be the case where the activities of an individual are harmful to the society at large. In such circumstances, the state may be justified in depriving the individual of his liberties. An example of this may be a psychiatrically disturbed person roaming the streets armed with a deadly weapon. He may not see reason, which may necessitate his arrest and detention. If this person is doing this for a political reason, then of course a different yardstick would be applied. Where the government of a state declares an emergency and civil rights of its citizens are suspended, there is bound to be a huge outcry – what was the necessity of adopting such a drastic measure? There are bound to be challenges to the government’s authority to do so, there will be The object of this essay is to examine the conflict between the individual and the state with regard to human rights. The essay will limit itself to the prevalent situation in the United Kingdom. The scenario regarding public security, law and order has changed dramatically after

Cultural context on mobility, networks, consumer urbanism Essay

Cultural context on mobility, networks, consumer urbanism - Essay Example The fundamental concepts and ideas will be used to explain how the consumption systems of space relates to tourism. Literature Review Consumption relates to the use of natural resources and this is seen in relation to renewable and non-renewable resources (Armstrong, 2012 p328). This means that consumption relates to benefiting from a given resource either in the notional or tangible manner. In this case, 'space' can be seen as a 'consumable' resource that can be put to various uses which can bring varying degrees of satisfaction. De Carteau (1984) attempted to define the concept of 'space' in relation to the concept of 'place' in the quest to describe this abstract concept. In the bid, he stated that: â€Å"a place (lieu) is the order (of whatever kind) in accordance with which the elements are distributed in relationships of coexistence† (p117). This means that a place is defined in relation to the positions and other related things that are located close to a given area. On the other hand, he states that â€Å"a space exists when one takes into consideration the vectors of direction, velocity and time variables... in short space is a practical place† (De Carteau 1984 p117). This means that a space is a defined premises or unit within a given area that has certain laid down features that defines it (Williams, 2009). â€Å"Consumption of space relates to the relationship between the built environment and the organisation of space† (Kent, 1993 p1). The relationship between the built environment in a given area defines the consumption of space in the field of architecture. This is because the work of the architect is chiefly in relation to how the environment is ordered and how a given space is utilised to enhance human interaction and the interaction of the various members of the national environment. The legendary architect, Thackara defined 'space' from three main facades (1997): architectural space, operating environment and telematic sp ace. Architectural space relates to the familiar concepts of dimensions, divisions and the design of structures to that are built on a given piece of land. Operating environment involves a given area where the core activities of the builder is carried out. In the case of Thackara's journal, the main area under discussion was an airport. Thus, the operating environment was the area where aviation activities were carried out. The third component, which is telematic space relates to the area of a given space where electronic communication systems and structures were situated. This gave room for the users of the 'space' to undertake communication through modern gadgets and telecommunication systems like Internet, radars and other things. In Robinson's descriptions, put forward by Kieller (1999), space consumption was seen to be varied in relation to its economics. In his descriptions, Robinson indicated that the dynamics of the use of space relates to changes in economic conditions and demand influenced by the economic gains which are attached to the satisfaction attained. Using the Port Statistics as a yardstick, the fictional Robinson indicated that port traffic in one of Britain's major ports had changed steadly since 1965. This was accelerated rapidly in the 1970s when the North Sea oil was first exploited and imports fluctuated. Due to this, the space of the part had to be varied over and over again to ensure that the changes in the land

Self-efficacy, Adherence and Education program Assignment

Self-efficacy, Adherence and Education program - Assignment Example Additionally, a summary of the findings of the studies is provided together with a proposed idea to address a gap noted after analysis of the studies. Four variables; social support, job presence or absence, the stage of attitude change regarding exercise behaviour and farm work participation, or non-participation; accounted 34% of levels of physical activity in the patients N= 119 patients for 4 recommendations of treatment: exercise, diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and oral intake of medication, in correlation with the questionnaire of â€Å"resistance to treatment† and Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Some of the aims of the studies were similar while in some studies, the aims and purpose of the studies were varied: ranging from evaluating the effectiveness of self-efficacy program, investigating the factors which lead to increased physical activity in the improvement of glycemia control in diabetes mellitus patients, and investigating the role of patient education n in enhancement of self management ability] and behavior as well as self-care (Karakurt et al, 2012) An analysis of the research literature shows that the research is current. The time span ranges from 2009 to 2014.This review of self-efficacy and medical adherence of diabetes includes 5 research studies. Each of the journals has different authors: No author appears to have contributed in writing more than one journal (Moriyam, 2009). The following is an in-depth analysis based on the details of each journal; starting with the most recent, as is presented in the table above. 1. Murano, I., Asakawa, Y.,Mizukami, M., Imai, T., Shimizu, K., & Takihara, J. (2014). Factors Increasing Physical Activity Levels in Diabetes Mellitus: A Survey of Patients after an Inpatient Diabetes Education Program. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26 (6), 695-9. Subjects eligible for this study were recruited from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving

Cultural context on mobility, networks, consumer urbanism Essay

Cultural context on mobility, networks, consumer urbanism - Essay Example The fundamental concepts and ideas will be used to explain how the consumption systems of space relates to tourism. Literature Review Consumption relates to the use of natural resources and this is seen in relation to renewable and non-renewable resources (Armstrong, 2012 p328). This means that consumption relates to benefiting from a given resource either in the notional or tangible manner. In this case, 'space' can be seen as a 'consumable' resource that can be put to various uses which can bring varying degrees of satisfaction. De Carteau (1984) attempted to define the concept of 'space' in relation to the concept of 'place' in the quest to describe this abstract concept. In the bid, he stated that: â€Å"a place (lieu) is the order (of whatever kind) in accordance with which the elements are distributed in relationships of coexistence† (p117). This means that a place is defined in relation to the positions and other related things that are located close to a given area. On the other hand, he states that â€Å"a space exists when one takes into consideration the vectors of direction, velocity and time variables... in short space is a practical place† (De Carteau 1984 p117). This means that a space is a defined premises or unit within a given area that has certain laid down features that defines it (Williams, 2009). â€Å"Consumption of space relates to the relationship between the built environment and the organisation of space† (Kent, 1993 p1). The relationship between the built environment in a given area defines the consumption of space in the field of architecture. This is because the work of the architect is chiefly in relation to how the environment is ordered and how a given space is utilised to enhance human interaction and the interaction of the various members of the national environment. The legendary architect, Thackara defined 'space' from three main facades (1997): architectural space, operating environment and telematic sp ace. Architectural space relates to the familiar concepts of dimensions, divisions and the design of structures to that are built on a given piece of land. Operating environment involves a given area where the core activities of the builder is carried out. In the case of Thackara's journal, the main area under discussion was an airport. Thus, the operating environment was the area where aviation activities were carried out. The third component, which is telematic space relates to the area of a given space where electronic communication systems and structures were situated. This gave room for the users of the 'space' to undertake communication through modern gadgets and telecommunication systems like Internet, radars and other things. In Robinson's descriptions, put forward by Kieller (1999), space consumption was seen to be varied in relation to its economics. In his descriptions, Robinson indicated that the dynamics of the use of space relates to changes in economic conditions and demand influenced by the economic gains which are attached to the satisfaction attained. Using the Port Statistics as a yardstick, the fictional Robinson indicated that port traffic in one of Britain's major ports had changed steadly since 1965. This was accelerated rapidly in the 1970s when the North Sea oil was first exploited and imports fluctuated. Due to this, the space of the part had to be varied over and over again to ensure that the changes in the land

Franchising & Small Business case study analysis

Franchising & Small Business analysis - Case Study Example er market as compared to several of its other competitors and typically has a business/professional clientele that caters to a middle class demographic. In terms of direct competition within the market of Brisbane, Little Singapore, and its various locations, competes against the likes of Birdcage Pan, Rode Asian Cuisine, Sing’s Asian Kitchen, and Chives. Not surprisingly, the competition is stiff; as the market is somewhat saturated with respect to offerings of Asian cuisine within Brisbane. The first innovation that would directly be recommended is with respect to outdoor dining. A review of the existing competition reveals the fact that almost none of the Asian cuisine establishments within Brisbane offer and outdoor dining option. Similarly, as the weather is quite pleasant much of the year, this would be an effective tool by which this particular restaurant, and its subsequent establishments, could seek to distance itself from the competition and provide a winning edge with respect to the dining experience (Davidson & Shakespeare, 2006). Another recommendation is with respect to the creation of the value days or the creation of a value section on the individual menu. Ultimately, from a review of the competition and an analysis of the existing environment for Asian cuisine within Brisbane, it is clear and apparent that Little Singapore, and its subsequent locations, is somewhat more expensive as compared to the alternatives. Because of this, providing an incentive for individuals to frequent the establishment, or indeed creating a value section on the menu, could once again place this particular restaurant in direct levels of competition with low cost alternatives throughout the Brisbane area; thereby expanding its reach and potentially improving the overall profitability that it could experience. The final recommendation is with respect to the establishment of a reward card system. Once again, due to the fact that this particular branch of restaurants is

Theoretical Positions of Jung Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Positions of Jung Essay While science worked diligently to quantify and validate early structuralist perspectives in psychology, early functionalists were hard at work developing theories that were more qualitative in nature. Although not directly associated with the functionalism movement, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James were clearly most concerned with how psychology could improve the lives of the individual and less inclined to laboratory research. Through each psychologist’s theory, the underlying tone is how one can identify and develop treatment for the vast array of psychological obstacles an individual may encounter. Additionally, each places significant emphasis on the human consciousness as the foundation of all behaviors. Variations in theory focus on the inception of human behaviors and how best to analyze and treat those early behavior motivators. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, the father of Psychoanalysis, was a phenomenal man. Freud was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist, and one of the best influential thinkers of the early twentieth century. In this theory of psychoanalysis, Freud believed that the best way to view the human mind was through a sexual perspective. The main tenet of his theory was that the human mind consisted of three basic components: the Id, the ego, and the superego. Individually, Freud believed that when these components conflict, shaping personality, only therapeutic treatment would prevent neurosis (Putnam, 1917). Carl Jung Carl Jung is a famous Swiss psychiatrist and the founder of analytical psychology. His interests in philosophy led many to see him as a spiritualist; however, Carl Jung preferred to be viewed as a man of science. He is celebrated for his consideration and developments in individuation, which joined the opposites of conscious and unconscious while maintaining normal functioning autonomy. Furthermore, individuation is the main and central development of analytical psychology. Jung is known today as the first modern psychiatrist to view the human psyche as religious by nature, making it the focal point of his exploration. Carl Jung is also one of the best known researchers to practice in the fields of dream analysis and symbolization. He spent a great deal of his life as a practicing clinician, and explored divergent areas like Eastern and Western philosophy, sociology, astrology, alchemy, literature, and arts. Additionally, many popular psychological concepts were anticipated by Carl Jung, these concepts include the collective unconscious, the archetype, the complex, and synchronicity. Alfred Adler Alfred Adler is best known as the founder of Individual Psychology and for his concept of the inferiority complex. As Adler’s interest in examining personality arose, he turned his focus to psychiatry and began working with Sigmund Freud. Adler’s work with Freud led him to contribute greatly to the development of psychoanalysis. Still, rooting his focus on the real life experience of individuals, Adler eventually came to reject Freud’s accentuation on sex, breaking away from Freud to form his own theory. Through this theory, known as Individual Psychology, Adler put forth the idea that personality difficulties are the result of inferiority feelings that derive from restrictions on an individual’s needs for self-assertion (Fisher, 2001). Adler held the belief that each individual acquires an ideal self-image that serves as the motivator behind his or her behavior. His studies led Adler to discover what he came to call the inferiority complex, which is the notion that a person’s feelings of inadequacy are what drive a person to try to overcome what he or she believes is a lack of worth by striving for superiority (Fisher, 2001). According to Adler, this initial state of inadequacy people obtain is the result of factors, such as neglect in their childhood, that significantly influence and shape how a child perceives him or herself as well as the choices he or she makes. Therefore, only through assisting people in identifying the factors that led them to the distorted view of themselves can change, healing, growth, and the development of a new, healthy self-image occur. Playing a major role in child development, among numerous other areas, Adler’s beliefs and theories became widely accepted within the world of psychology therefore significantly influencing modern day psychology. William James William James was an American philosopher whose work in psychology in the nineteenth century recognized science as a crucial element in the improvement of social and philosophical doctrines (Allen, 1967). His blend of psychology and philosophy refined his concept of pragmatism. This pragmatic approach grasped the meaning of the ideas and truth of his beliefs in an approach that influenced the lives of individuals as opposed to the abstract sense of ideas (Hothersall, 1995). His research also outlined â€Å"the understanding of consciousness and the self, a proactive position and perception of truth, and a number of other beneficial studies of social concerns helped create an outstanding philosophical system† (Hothersall, 1995). He referred to consciousness as a stream of thoughts instead of a static or reducible mechanism and felt prickled with the notion of any approach to consciousness in which the mind was reduced into its smaller elements. James believed consciousness to be continuingly changing and a selective and active agent in and of its self. He could not consider conscious to be outside the realm of self consciousness. Nonetheless, he also believed the functionalist understanding of consciousness as an active agent of mental action was more consistent with reality than what he called the meaningless, artificial exercise of identifying the elements of consciousness, which conforms more to the structuralize perspective (Goodwin, 2008). Comparison and Contrast of Theories Freud sought to explain human personality and the underlying issues in a person’s life. He theorized that the human mind consisted of three major components (Goodwin, 2008). Despite Alders’ theory that all of one’s activities center on a basic life plan, Freud and Alfred Adler both agreed that personal characteristic begin in childhood. Jung based his theory on individuality, He theorized that individuation was a necessary process leading to individuality by integration of the conscious with the unconscious (Putnam, 1917). William James had a distinctive religious perspective. James viewed religion entirely different from Freud, Adler, and Jung. James believed that everyone should have a religious experience. Freud believed that each person interprets religion differently; Adler believed that people used their religious views to understand the world, and Jung believed that not all people understood religion. Differences among their Perspectives There were disagreements with Freud’s theory of the conscious and unconscious as well his theory of sexual motivation. The main disagreement in perspectives was between Freud and James. Freud believed that behaviors are controlled by the unconscious mind described as dreams and free association. While James believed that self-reflection and introspection was the only way to understand mental life (Goodwin, 2008). Jung and Adler disagreed with Freud’s theory of sexual motivation and psychosexual development. They thought he placed too much emphasis on sexual motivation which made it seem like the fundaments of human behavior relied solely on one motivation. Adler believed that his own notion of the inferiority complex should replace Freud’s beliefs of sexual motivation. Freud focused on internal forces including conflicts, biological disposition, and sexual motivation (Goodwin, 2008). The focus in Adler’s theory was on social factors. Conclusion Freud, Jung, Adler, and James all shared a deep desire to help improve people’s lives through a psychological medium. Each explained psychology using their own theories, and they often differed on the basis of human functioning and its causes. Freud analyzed the world through his idea of psychosexual development, and thought that sexual motivations are the origin of all human behaviors. William James believed that consciousness was a more fluid and distinct entity, which could not be broken up into parts. Adler and Jung thought Freud put too much emphasis on sex as motivation; Adler believed inferiority complexes govern human behavior, while Jung put much more emphasis on religion and its influences. These philosophers and psychologists of the 19th century influenced people’s outlook on the world, even to this day. Each of their theories have influenced and furthered our current understanding of the human psyche and how to treat various psychological disorders. References Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Fisher, M (2001, May). Alfred Adler. Retrieved January 26, 2012 from http:// www. muskingum. edu/~psych/psycweb/history/adler. htm Allen, Gay Wilson. (1967). William James: A Biography. New York: Viking Press. Hothersall, D. (1995). History of Psychology (3rd ed. ). NY: Mcgraw-Hill Putnam,J. (1917). The theories of Freud, Jung and Adler: I. The work of Sigmund Freud. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 12(3), 146-160

History Of Our Fear Of Aging Philosophy Essay

History Of Our Fear Of Aging Philosophy Essay Abstract The fear of aging and death in America has grown into quite the headache. People today seem more concerned with their physical appearance and age than they are with their physical or mental health. Not only is this a factor, but the media, as well as the commercial sales industry, are taking advantage of this fear and using it to their advantage. This fear grips people for many reasons, but the 2 biggest are: 1.) they are afraid of the unknown, and 2.) they are afraid of being alone. Americas Fear of Aging Many people today are convinced that if they can just lift one more weight or just run one more mile, they will never get old. Even if they dont give in and end up getting cosmetic surgery or spend too much money on expensive anti-aging creams that dont work, there comes a day when its too much effort any longer to keep up the fantasy. What began with simply trying to look pretty has become a never-ending battle to be or to find the next fountain of youth in America. If someone has age spots, theres a cream that for that. If you have stretch marks or cellulite, theres a salve or lotion for that. Dark circles under your eyes? Theres a tonic for that as well. Give it time and Apple will develop an app for all your cosmetic woes! Fears and concerns about growing old are being addressed by those who are growing old. They arent content to sit idly by and let death come swooping in on them. Instead they have become more proactive in the fight against the clock (e.g. participating in more physical activities, sharpening their mental abilities via games, puzzles, being more socially interactive with others, etc.). Our Fear of Aging Americans today are in a constant push to keep up with trends. Buy this new car, try this kind of new weight loss shake, etc. Not only do they push you to buy their product, they also bombard you with reasons why their product is so much better than their Brand X competitor. The biggest culprits: The Cosmetic Industry. The message being broadcast by the cosmetic industry is if theres something you that you dont like, well fix it. Bayer (2004) said that from 1997 to 2001, cosmetic procedures increased 311% for women and 256% for men (p. 9). But why are we so afraid of being perceived as old? I have a rule that I can apply to practically anything in life: Everything is just a matter of perception. much like the dichotomy between good and evil. In a standard story or movie, the good guy perceives his actions as being in the good, but the bad guy also sees his actions to be in the good. And each perceives the others actions to be bad. But how they are perceived is determined not only by them, but by outside sources as well (e.g. the readers of the story, the viewers of the movie, etc.). In America, people are more concerned with the perceptions of others rather than of their own. But since when have we let the views of others govern our self-esteem? Growing old shouldnt be viewed as such a bad thing. In some cultures, being old is viewed in an opposite light. There are cultures in which aging is welcomed, as age signifies wisdom. This is usually accompanied by deep respect, honor, and reverence, which ensures that the elderly are well cared for by family members. This is the goal of people in these cultures; to live long enough to get to this place where they can be revered by the younger people for their knowledge and wisdom. In todays society, old people are laughed at and scoffed at by younger people. Old people have become a punch-line for numerous jokes and stereotypes. Rarely are they looked up to for their wisdom; they arent respected for what theyve done in their lives to be able to have the wisdom and knowledge that they do. Younger people laugh at them because they are afraid of getting old just like them, as well as being afraid of looking as old as them. But what drives this fear? The answer is simple: when we get old, we are afraid that we are more than likely going to end up being alone. As we age, our physical appearance drastically changes. Our hair loses its color, our skin loses elasticity which results in wrinkles, we get liver spots, and the list goes on. Its all centered around how we look, and most people think if they look old, no one will want to be with them. Maybe people are afraid of the inner physical changes that take place. As people age their bodies become more worn out, especially if they havent been very physically active or their diet hasnt been the best in the world. And what else accompanies all these aches and pains? Medications that have a dozen or more side-effects, numerous trips to the doctor for this and that ailment, which it-turn gets you MORE medications. Mark Twain once said Life would be infinitely happier if we could only be born at the age of eighty and gradually approach 18 (Drye, 2011.) In other words, we worry about losing our looks, our vitality, our strength, or our sexual energies. If what Mark Twain said were made into reality, we would instead be constantly looking forward to gaining these instead of losing them. The years between eighteen and twenty five are considered to be the best years of anyones life. During these years of early adulthood, humans are the strongest physically and sexually than they will be any other time in their life, and reliving those memories only reminds people of this joy (Berger, 2011.) Our Fear of Death Even worse than fearing growing old is fearing what is almost always associated with growing old: death. A theory by Dr. Sigmund Freud states that peoples fear of death was more of a disguise for some other hidden concern (Encyclopedia of Death and Dying, 2011.) Dr. Freud claimed that the unconscious cannot deal with the passing of time and the concept of life ended cannot register in our brain. With the mind being unable to register our own death, Dr. Freud theorized that everyone is convinced he or she is immortal (Encyclopedia of Death and Dying, 2011.)Â   But what about what happens when we die? Nobody truly knows what will happen or where we will end up, and this stirs peoples fear of the unknown. Will we end up in total annihilation (no afterlife, just non-existence), will we be reincarnated and if so what will we be, or will we go to heaven or hell? No one can really know until death happens to them, and by then its too late. People have always feared the unknown, which has been a severe detriment to humanity throughout history. This has also motivated them to look for answers to whatever it is that they dont know. In 1973, Ernest Beck theorized that the fear of death is real. Not only is the fear real, but it is so intense that the fear of death is the reason for all phobias that exist. Beck noted that people only function day to day because they are able to temporarily deny death. (Encyclopedia of Death and Dying, 2011.) Beck has a very good point, though, because practically all phobias involve death. Someone with Arachnophobia is more than likely afraid that a spider will bite them and theyll die. Someone with Hydrophobia may be afraid of dying from drowning. And someone with Kinemortophobia, even though they have probably watched way too many horror movies/ TV shows, is still afraid of dying at the mercy of a zombie attack. It all comes back to being afraid of death. But no matter which fear someone happens to fear the most, theres one thing that will always remain true: aging and death are inevitable. Theres nothing anyone can do to avoid them and theres nothing that can be done to stop or even slow the progression of either one. So you could ask yourself, If aging and death are going to happen whether I like it or not, should I be afraid all the time? Therapists usually tell people with major phobia issues that in order to conquer their fears, they must first face them. Facing this kind of fear would probably involve more understanding of the reality of the situation than anything else. Conclusion William Alexander Stiling once said Of all things that are feared, the last is death (Lockyer, 1969, p.209.) Aging and death are both facts of life, and theres nothing we can do about it. Changing your appearance in an attempt to look younger may help you hold on to your self-perception of youthfulness, but it wont have any effect on biological progression. The best therapy for this would be to just accept that aging and death will happen. Dont try to fight it; dont try to hide from it. Embrace the fact that theyre inevitable and prepare yourself mentally, spiritually, and physically.

Neil Armstrong Essay -- essays research papers

Neil Armstrong Background Neil Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio in the year 1930. His services as a pilot were called upon during the Korean War. Shortly after graduating from Purdue University in 1955, Armstrong joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, then known as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. At the time the functions of the N.A.C. were to plan, direct, and conduct all United States aeronautical and space activities, except for those that were primarily military. Armstrong served as a civilian test pilot at Edwards Air Base in Lancaster, California. In 1962 Armstrong became the first civilian to enter the astronaut-training program. Gemini VII Mission   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In March of 1966, Armstrong completed his training and became the command pilot of the Gemini 8 mission. The crew of this mission was made up of David R. Scott and himself. In case of any emergencies with the two men before the launch, either physical or mental, a backup crew was made. The backup crew consisted of Charles Conrad Junior, and Richard Gordon Junior. The objectives of the mission were:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. (Main) Rendezvous and dock with Gemini Agena target vehicle (GATV) and conduct EVA operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. (Secondary) Rendezvous and dock in the 4th revolution. Perform docked-vehicle maneuvers, Evaluate systems and conduct 10 experiments. The mission was set to launch on March 15, 1966. Due to mino...

Art Tatum Essay

From the time Tatum was born on Oct. 13, 1909 in Toledo, Ohio, he was destined for revolutionizing jazz. He was born with a blind eye and the other partially blind, but his ears were his way of seeing the world. He could sit down and play the same music meant for four hands. He was unbeatable at any piano competition. His influence on jazz will be forever respected by jazz pianists (and non-pianists) worldwide. As a child, Art received a little formal training for piano at Toledo School of Music, but he mainly just taught himself. By the age of 18, he was already playing for radio broadcasts and even had his own show at one point. By age 24, he wrote and released â€Å"Tiger Rag,† a song fully equipped with fast beats, incredibly technical rhythms, and the need for skill. As he continued in his musical career, his articulation, style, and individuality only got better. Art changed the entire face of jazz music. He helped lead the next generation into the bebop era. He was the musician that started to change the chord progressions, fingered with the harmonics, and tried new inversions of different chords (to get a more â€Å"jazzy† sound). Tatum was able to use his classical background and his jazzy style to create his own type of music. It was technical and complex, but still full of the freestyle that jazz so easily expresses. He used his left-handedness to create extreme bass parts and his right hand to create beautiful runs up and down the entire piano. Art had incredible ears. Although he was nearly blind in one eye and completely blind in the other, he could see perfectly when it came to music. It was said that Tatum could find the dominant note in a flushing toilet. He had incredible pitch, so he knew exactly which notes would sound perfect with the others. In regard to his piano, they called him, â€Å"God† because he was so good. Tatum never stopped playing piano. It was his life. As one man said, â€Å"Tatum played so brilliantly and so much†¦that I thought the piano was gonna break. My mother left the room†¦so I said ‘What’s wrong, Mama?’ And she said ‘Oh, that man plays too much piano.'† Even extremely critical people would compliment him for his piano skills. Whenever he ever entered a competition for piano, he never lost. Art’s style of music was not the simple, easy music that anybody could play. His technique was mastered. He had the most intricate ornamentation in every line of a song he played. Not only that, but he didn’t even seem like he was trying. As he pounded away at the keys, it didn’t seem like pounding but more floating. It seemed so effortless to him. Hank Jones said, â€Å"When I finally met him and got a chance to hear him play in person, it seemed as if he wasn’t really exerting much effort, he had an effortless way of playing. It was deceptive. You’d watch him and you couldn’t believe what was coming out, what was reaching your ears. He didn’t have that much motion at the piano. He didn’t make a big show of moving around and waving his hands and going through all sorts of physical gyrations to produce the music that he produced, so that in itself is amazing. There had to be intense concentration there, but you couldn’t tell by just looking at him play.† Tatum was revolutionary. He led future jazz musicians into the next era of jazz. He had the skill and the mind of a genius, and for that, he will never be forgotten. Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Tatum#Style http://www.duke.edu/~njh3/biography.html

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay

In the early human social, Religious includes world explanation, judicial, moral cultivation and mental comfort, and other functions. In modern society, science and judicial have separated from some religious, but the moral training and mental comfort function will continue to exist. Religion’s belief systems and social groups are an important part of human thought culture and social form. 1.1 The History of Christianity The History of Christianity is the study of the religion started by a Jewish prophet from Nazareth named Jesus. Christianity would grow into one of the world’s major religions, impacting all other religions and changing the course of human history. Christian history mainly concerns the Christian religion and Church, up to contemporary times and denominations. Christianity differs most significantly from the other Abrahamic religions in its claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son. The vast majority of Christians believe in a triune God consisting of three unified and distinct persons: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Throughout its history, the religion has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches. The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Protestant Churches. Christianity began spreading initially from Jerusalem, and then throughout the Near East, ultimately becoming the state religion of Armenia in 301 , of Ethiopia in 325,of Georgia in 337, and then the State church of the Roman Empire in 380. Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, it expanded throughout the world during Europe’s Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the world’s largest religion. 1.2 The History of china religious Confucianism, also known as Confucianism, the Confucian doctrine, otherwise known as Confucianism, but does not refer to religion. Confucius as the master of Confucianism, so there is called Confucianis. Confucian classics formed in times of Confucius, but in different age the interpretation of Confucian classics are very different, so it is difficult get a comprehensive define to the Confucian. Essence of Confucianism can be said of social ethics and social management, ethics, or religious interpretation, but not the religion. Ming and Qing dynasties look the Neo-Confucianism that formed in Song Dynasty as official theory so the Neo-Confucianism has spread as mainstream of Confucianism. Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs 2.1 The Similarities They have the same background, the Christian was created When the Jews were ruled by The Roman Empire, Jews look forward to a person just like the farseer said who can take them moving towards freedom. While China, Confucianism and Taoism are created when the people were suffering in pain during the Warring States period, 2.2 The Differences 1. Separation of Man and God in Western religions and unity of that in China original sin is the foundation of Christian theory and practice . Because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and Transmitted to their descendants, the result is men are guilty, all mankind have sin. because of this people are bound to die, and will were punished in all their life. We can see from the original sin all things of Christianity are classified into two worlds: the human world and God’s world. Person’s world is a world separated from God, and human’s world depends on God’s world, so everything is the communication between the two worlds and its results. Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature. While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature, issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented. 2. Monotheism of western religions and pluralism of China religions Christianity is a strictly monotheistic, think that there only have one master of the universe that is God. According to predetermined level of order and purpose God arrange things of the universe. God as God, but also the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Starting this belief, the Christian establish a complete doctrine including Doctrine of God, creationism, human nature, original sin of Christ on, Salvation. Understanding the knowledge and stories of â€Å"Bible† is a very important part of the western cultural training. Therefore after the formation of Christianity it gradually established a fixed, unified values ​​and outlook on life. Those are met with the religious teaching, whether the regulation or the modern thoughts can not be divorced from the relationship with this religious. In practice, Christianity also starting from system to establish unified church organization such as church in urban and rural areas for christians to pray. China’s religious has given people great freedom, so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts. Therefore, the God most Chinese people worship is not uniform. Most Chinese people do not belong to a religious organization, however, are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China, Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development. Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth, to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. On the other hand, in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the Chinese folk religion and worship of God is also very much prosperity and universal, various gods are the object that believers worship incense. the strong contrast between the conceptual life and practical life resulted in the loss of religious values ​​and alienation in China, and also led to the emergence and spread of a variety of primitive superstitious beliefs and event. It caused abnormal development of the spiritual life, so that a heavy burden put on the reality of Chinese culture, many people have a spiritual emptiness

Ethical Dilemma Essay

1. Keeping in mind the facts and timeline of this situation, discuss Lavonda’s situation in terms of legal and ethical issues. This case has many aspects of sexual harassment, and is very complicated. Karline is partially correct in that it was common knowledge that Lavonda and Allen were intimate. It was because Lavonda crossed that line, and did not report the relationship, that Lavonda’s sexual harassment suit becomes unstable. Her legal suit would carry more weight if she had gone through the proper channels to report the misconduct when it occurred. There is also an ethical problem if she tries to convince the new hire to work for Allen. 2. Discuss Lavonda’s alternatives and possible professional and private outcomes for her. The probable cost to Lavonda if she reports the sexual harassment case is a long legal struggle and possible loss of her job. We are aware that Lavonda’s mother has cancer, is undergoing chemo, and Lavonda needs the income to care for her mother. If Lavonda loses the case, she faces a risk of not being able to help her mother, especially if Allen spreads nasty rumors about her throughout the industry. She should probably be aware that if she pursues legal case that this will follow her throughout her career. This could negatively influence future employers or could show them that she has a moral character. 3. Is Allen in violation of sexual harassment and/or sexual discrimination laws in United States? Yes. He has displayed intimidating behavior, sexual harassment, and is very manipulative of women in the workforce. Whenever Lavonda asked him to stop, and he continues his behavior, this becomes harassment. 4. Certainly Allen has damaged Lavonda’s performance level: however, discuss whether he has created a legally hostile work environment. By definition of a hostile work environment, he has created it. There are three criteria that must be met: (1) the conduct must be unwelcome; (2) the conduct becomes severe, pervasive, and regarded as so offensive to alter the conditions of employment; (3) conduct was so bad that a reasonable person would find it hostile or offensive. All the employee needs to prove is that the conduct interfered with her work performance.

Modern Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Managers - Essay Example Newman (1995) stated that a person's identity is not just a function of one's personal values and traits but it is also a function of the behavior and attitudes of people who have made a significant impact in their lives. As the other people's cultural values change, then their friends also do likewise. Newcomers to a business firm learn the appropriate roles and behaviors to become effective and participating members of that organization. Third, people who work together tend to share the same cultural values and ethics. Watson (1995) stated that a human grouping be it a school or the workplace shares a system of meanings which define what is good and bad and what are appropriate ways for members of that grouping to act and behave. Moreover, he also explained that being part of an occupation involves engagement on a regular basis in a part or the whole of a range of work tasks which are identified under a particular title by both those carrying out these tasks and by the general public. (Watson 2005). Fourth, a person's educational background has an impact on his socialization. The correspondence principle sets this general model - the higher you rise in education hierarchy, the better job you will get. However, the UK has fundamental inequalities in its educational system. The British students experience education not on the basis of merit but in terms of their ability to take a series of opportunities which is hugely dependent on their available resources. Only seven (7%) of the UK student population can afford to attend private schools. These students them move on to become Oxbridge students. About 100 schools (80% of them are private) provide almost one-third of all Oxbridge students. This inequality in education leads to other forms of inequalities such as social class, gender and ethnic groups. A way to expand educational opportunity to all would be to make university tuition fees affordable. In this sense, the students will be able to widen their participation. Fifth, managers who possess excellent social skills tend to succeed more. For instance, likeability is a valuable tool that complements crucial management skills such as the ability to communicate with employees, give inputs to senior management, interact with customers, and build effective teams. A manager who cultivates this skill is bound to become more successful. Customers are more likely to purchase products and services from someone they like. However, the value of being liked does not end with a job promotion.Moreover, managers may be required to communicate to corporate employees the specifics of a difficult company policy, A manager who learns how to become a genial salesperson and a good communicator will get better results. Managers need to learn the art of listening skills by listening more attentively to someone they like or to someone they merely tolerate.In order to be an effective manager, one must know several socialization skills. An important socialization skill is the recognition of the importance of getting along with others. Managers strive to be genuinely appreciated for who they are, how they act, and what they stand for. The linchpin of likeability is mutual respect which is based on the right attitude towards work and people, and then develops as managers work on providing the right communication climate, staying well-attuned to employee reactions, meeting or managing expectations, and seeking a balanced approach to issues.The second

Human resoures and communicaions in contrustion project management Essay

Human resoures and communicaions in contrustion project management - Essay Example Moreover, the background of this discussion has also included major concerns and possible consequences that are faced by the modern organisations in order to successfully accomplish the major objectives of the project management. The discussion of this report significantly focused on leadership relevance and its significance in the project management approach. The report has also enclosed key concepts and skills that a leader must need to possess in order to successfully achieve the desired goals and objectives from a project. Furthermore, the report will be beneficial for the organisations in order to deal with various risk factors that a project might face in the present day context and the way efficient leadership can deal with those factors. The research method followed in the report is secondary approach. A few pertinent literatures and scholarly articles have been studied and reviewed in order to comprehend the study topic related concepts. It is observed that the dimension of leadership prominently applies in the context of project management. Leadership enables to guide a project on the right path ensuring appropriate and timely completion of the project requirements. Project management can be considered as one of the major management paradigms, which enables the business organisations to effectively and efficiently achieve their business goals within the constantly changing phase of the business environment. Project management can be differentiated with the various standards of the business operations with respect to focus on uniqueness, timescales, financial projection, resources, risks, and uncertainties as well as the major activities regarding skills, tools and processes of project management. An effective project management facilitates the organisations to execute various business competencies to effectively handle differing uncertainties, risks along with the pressure of its competitors within the existing market